S = Set up for the interview

• Prepare yourself: familiarize with the patients background, medical info and anticipate some likely questions
• Environment: arrange for privacy, minimize interruptions and time-constraints…
• Establish a connection with the patient/relatives; Involve patients/relatives family, nurses etc. Ensure you are talking to the right patient/relatives

 P = Assessing the patients Perceptions

• How much do they know? What happened earlier/prior to hospital arrival?
• Correct any errors or gaps in patient’s knowledge

I = Obtaining the patients/relatives Invitation

• How much does the patient/relative want to know?
• Little detail/too much detail?

K = Giving Knowledge and information to the patient/relatives

• Start with a warning shot e.g. I’m afraid to inform you or I’m sorry to inform you…
• Clear and simple information, e.g. Mr. X is dead, BUT avoid excessive bluntness e.g. You are going to die from your cancer
• Avoid medical jargon e.g. CPR, Defibrillation, Gone to a better place
• Check understanding

E = Addressing the patients/relatives Emotions

• Give time to express feelings
• Observe and acknowledge emotions
• Show empathy
• Encourage questions and allow time

S = Strategy and Summary

• Clear plans of what next
• Offer follow-up support